![]() ![]() As maximum steel carbons become more restricted it is necessary to switch to the more costly low-or medium carbon Fe-Mn. Standard high carbon Fe-Mn is used when the steel is well oxidized (low in C) or when higher residual C contents are allowable. Further addition of stronger deoxidizers than Mn such as aluminum (Al) or silicon (Si) can cause reversion of Mn from slag to metal.Īll other factors considered, however, Mn addition agents are generally chosen on the basis of C content. Bath temperature is important not only as it affects the C and O balance, but also in relation to chill factors, especially when large Mn additions are made. The efficiency of any Mn addition depends on the steel’s oxygen (O) and S contents. Mn additions in form of ferro alloys are usually made in the steel teeming ladle during the liquid steel tapping from the steel making furnace. ![]() High density Mn containing 96 % or 97 % Mn, depending on grade and Iron (Fe) as the principal impurity, is also used as a desirable addition agent for super alloys, stainless steels, and low C, nitrogen (N) strengthened HSLA (high strength low alloy) steels. Types of Fe-Mn and Si-Mn produced are given in article having link. Fe-Mn and Si-Mn are used mainly during steel making while Mn ore is mainly used in iron making. There are several standard grades within each group. These can be classified into three major groups namely (i) ferro-manganese (Fe-Mn), (ii) silico-manganese (Si-Mn), and (iii) Mn ore. Mn is used in steel industry in an extensive variety of product forms. No satisfactory substitute for Mn in steel has been identified which combines its relatively low price with outstanding technical benefits. Mn has played a key role in the development of various steel making processes and its continuing importance is indicated by the fact that about 85 % to 90 % of all Mn consumed in the world annually goes into iron and steel making as well as in steel as an alloying element. Mn is intentionally present in many grades of steel and is a residual constituent of virtually all others. Mn is undoubtedly the most prevalent alloying agent in steels, after carbon (C). Mn plays a key role in steel because of its two important properties namely (i) its ability to combine with sulphur (S), and (ii) its powerful deoxidation capacity. Mn is present in most commercially made steels. The phase diagram of the Fe-Mn binary system is at Fig 1. Melting point of Mn is 1244 deg C and boiling point is 2095 deg C. Manganese (Mn) (atomic number 25 and atomic weight 54.93) has density of 7.44 gm/cc. austenite, hadfield steel, manganese, steel, sulphide, Sulphur ,. ![]()
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